Friction exists between the steam and the sides of the nozzle. Impulse and reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagrams for simple and multistage turbines, speed regulations. We are here to provides you best study notes from best coachings like made easy, ace academy etc and from best institutions like mit open course, iit nptel, mrcet, anna university etc, which could be help you to understand concepts to crack any kind of competition. The difficulties are eliminated by milling or otherwise machining the nozzles into a complete or undivided solid ring. Highspeed impellers increase the kinetic energy of the gas, converting this energy into.
Other applications include oil in water, water in oil, propant in oil, and sand in oil. Bellshape nozzles or parabolic nozzles, which are as efficiency as the simplest conical nozzle, but shorter and lighter, though more expensive to manufacture. The maximum gas flow through a nozzle is determined by critical pressure critical pressure ratio is the pressure ratio where the flow is accelerated to a velocity equal to the local velocity of sound in the fluid. How to determine the steam flow in the nozzles of the. Apr 03, 20 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Types of nozzles the axisymmetric convergentdivergent bell nozzle that has been used as the example to this point is the standard for rocket nozzles, for several reasons. Lec10 steam power cycle, steam nozzle lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. Vanita thakkar bit 16 energy conversion in steam turbine energy conversion in steam turbine takes place in two steps. The flow of steam through nozzles may be regarded as adiabatic expansion. The steam passes through the stationary nozzles and is directed at high velocity againstthe rotor buckets causing the rotor to rotate at high speed. Purpose this manual can be used for preliminary selection, steam and cooling water planning for steam turbines in basic and detail engineering stages.
Recent failures with flow nozzles are associated with using a stainless nozzle inside a p91 pipe. Steam nozzles nozzle statistical mechanics free 30day. To decide if you need the blank or flat nozzle you need to analyze the job its for. Superheating the steam to higher temperatures has very desirable effect. High velocity steam jets from nozzles impinge on the blades mounted on a wheel rotor get deflected by an angle and suffer a. Pipe flow measurement flow nozzles iso 51673, bs 10421. I think you could use nozzlepro to evaluate the loads on the nozzles. How to determine the steam flow in the nozzles of the stage. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. The motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to. Steam nozzles introduction is a device of varied cross sectional area in which the potential energy of the steam heat energy is converted into kinetic energy.
Among his most important works are manual of applied mechanics 1858, manual of the steam engine and other prime movers 1859 and. Pg33 appears to just be the area replacement rules. Construction of steam nozzle if great pressure differences exist in front and at the back of inlet nozzles of steam turbines a secure attachment of the nozzles is sometimes rather difficult. Asme section 1 steam drum nozzle analysis via nozzlepro. Mechanical power engineering department faculty of engineering. The maximum gas flow through a nozzle is determined by critical pressure. When the speed of the engine is controlled by means of a valve in a steam pipe, which regulates the pressure of steam entering the engine, then the governing.
Steam nozzles and boilers mechanical engineering questions. Electric motor, gas turbine, steam turbine and gas engine. Steam consumption of steam turbine is depending to required output power and efficiency of the turbine. Pipe flow measurement flow nozzles iso 51673, bs 1042. In the impulse steam turbine, the overall transformation of heat into mechanical work is accomplished in two distinct steps. These power plant study notes will help you to get conceptual deeply knowledge about it. Twodimensional kinetics tdk computer program, which has been combined with a boundary layer module blm, is the industry standard jannaf joint.
Steam nozzle steam nozzle nozzles for special purposes applications speciallydesigned orifice saves and reduces steam for the same effect. The mass flow rate of water steam must be 0,3 kgs1. Ideal for saturated steam, superheated steam, and water sampling. Nozzles are used in steam and gas turbines, jet engines, rockets, in flow measurement, in injectors for pumping water, in ejectors for removing air from condensers etc.
It is not applicable to the measurement of pulsating flow. Applied thermodynamics videos, lectures, classes, courses, books, tutorials nptel thermodynamics videos, thermodynamics video lectures, thermodynamics video classes. Boilers bureau of energy efficiency 27 syllabus boilers. The smallest section of the nozzle is called throat. When whole mass of steam is converted into steam then it is called as dry steam. When the dry steam is further heated at constant pressure, the temperature increases the above saturation temperature. The turbine consists of a single rotor to which impulse blades are attached. Several nozzle geometries have been used in propulsion systems.
Home mcq steam boilers steam nozzles and boilers mechanical engineering questions set 32 steam nozzles and boilers mechanical engineering questions set 32 mcq steam boilers edit practice test. Find the properties of the steam at the stagnation state. Dec 01, 2015 construction of steam nozzle if great pressure differences exist in front and at the back of inlet nozzles of steam turbines a secure attachment of the nozzles is sometimes rather difficult. Vtunptelnmeict project progress report the project on.
For hp main steam pipes, a flow nozzle is not strictly needed you can use a short radius elbow with an elbow tap as indicative of steam flow rate, after it is calibrated. Steam nozzles are great for removing moisture as well as oil from steel surfaces. Steam turbine types steam turbine types based on blade geometry and energy conversion process are. Isokinetic sampling nozzles probes for sampling gases and liquids including steam and water in steam plants. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. The high velocity steam coming out of the nozzles impinges on the blades. The variation of steam pressure in the nozzle depends upon the velocity, specific volume and dryness fraction of steam. This manual does not for designing steam turbine and the related parts. For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m 3hr through a. The steam which contains some water particles in superposition. Pressure and temperature of the water steam is 80 bar respectively 500 c at input to the nozzle.
Every day thousands of users send us information about programs they open different file formats with. How steam backpressure turbines work first, the heat energy of the steam btulb. Positive displacement, centrifugal and axial, rotary screw, rotary vane, rotary lobe, dynamic, liquid ring compressors. Problem solving nozzles and diffusers lecture 21 steam turbine lecture 22 compounding of steam turbine lecture 23 impulse steam turbine lecture. By steady flow energy equation between sections 1 and 2. And then the later part of the nozzle, in which the steam derives more in volume than in velocity. By establishing a shock wave the sonic choke establish a fixed flow rate unaffected by the differential pressure, any. Steam ejector is an important component in engineering applications, which require high. Further there is large pressure difference between inside of steam turbine and the ambient and also from one location to another location across. Apr 03, 20 design of steam nozzlesdesign of steam nozzles 1. Steam nozzles and turbines mechanical engineering questions.
Dry saturated steam is expanded in a nozzle from 1. The attachment of the ring 2 in the manner specified permits, however. A particularly good attachment of the ring 2 within the casing 1 is attained by shrinking the nozzle ring into the casing without making use of a special guide wheel body. Power plant engineering study notes handwritten free. The steam is fed through one or several convergentdivergent nozzles which do not. Unit iii steam nozzles and turbines flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,supersaturated flow. Steam nozzles nozzle statistical mechanics free 30. Home mcq steam boilers steam nozzles and turbines mechanical engineering questions set 27 steam nozzles and turbines mechanical engineering questions set 27 mcq steam boilers edit. Incredible ww1 military vehicle convoy steam through dorset 11818. Range range is determined not by the cooling tower, but by the process it is serving. Calculate base dimensions of the nozzle and state of water steam at the exit. Steam nozzles ppt steam nozzles a nozzle is a duct of.
High pressure, high temperature steam expands in nozzles and comes out at a high velocity. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Supersonic flow in cdnozzles presents a rich behaviour, with shock waves and expansion waves usually taking place inside andor outside. Introduction to piping engineering by gerald may, p. Assume friction loss in the nozzle is equal to 10% of the total enthalpy drop. The main use of steam nozzle in steam turbines is to produce a jet of steam with a high velocity. Steam nozzles a nozzle is a duct of smoothly varying cross sectional area, in which a steadily flowing fluid can be accelerated to a high velocity by a drop in pressure of the fluid along the duct.
In order of increasing capacity, three boiler types are the firetube, watertube and waterwall boilers. In this nozzle the cross sectional area gradually decreases from the entrance area to the minimum area which is the exit. Critical flow nozzles are also called sonic chokes. Assuming that the steam expands isentropically according to a law pv1. The focus here will be on boilers sized in between these two extremes, which is also where there is the greatest diversity of design. When the speed of the engine is controlled by means of a valve in a steam pipe, which regulates the pressure of steam entering the engine, then the governing is known as a throttle governing b cutoff governing c bypass governing d none of these. Efficiency will depend on turbine size or rotor diameter, blade geometries, speed, extreme condition of steam and other losses. The project on development of remaining three quadrants to nptel phasei under grant in aid nmeict, mhrd, new delhi. If steam at high pressure is allowed to expand through a stationary nozzle, the result will be a drop in the steam pressure and an increase in steam velocity. During the first part of the nozzle, the steam increases its velocity. This is known as critical pressure ratio and different for different fluids. It steam power plant decreases the moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit as can be seen in ts diagram as shown in figure 2. Numerical study on condensation process of steam flow in nozzles. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine.
Mar 07, 2015 vanita thakkar bit 16 energy conversion in steam turbine energy conversion in steam turbine takes place in two steps. Features removal of moisture and oil from steel surfaces. Ramamurthi, department of mechanical engineering, iit madras. The inlet narrows to form a throat, which is followed by an enlarging form so that atmospheric pressure is reached by adiabatic expansion, producing a flat jet pattern. Steam boilers, engines, nozzles and turbines, mechanical engineering multiple choice questions objective type questions, mcqs, with question and answers, download free pdf, mechanical engineering, multiple choice questions, objective type questions, mechanical engineering short notes, rapid fire notes, best theory.
Other factors, which we will see, must be stated along with flow rate m3hr. Design of steam nozzlesdesign of steam nozzles 1 youtube. Steam boilers, engines, nozzles and turbines, mechanical engineering multiple choice questions objective type questions, mcqs, with question and answers, download free pdf, mechanical engineering, multiple choice questions, objective type questions, mechanical engineering short notes, rapid fire. The temperature to which steam can be superheated is limited by metallurgical consideration. At this moment we do not have any description or further details of the nozzles file type, but we may be able to recommend some programs that will be able to open such files. Both the conventional conventional bell and unconventional aerospike and expansiondeflection nozzles can be the subject of consideration of the moc. If a steam sample is nearly in dry condition, then its dryness fraction can be most accurately determined by. A steam turbine converts the energy of highpressure, high temperature steam. Types, combustion in boilers, performances evaluation, analysis of losses, feed water treatment, blow down, energy conservation opportunities. Property relationships for pure substances and mixtures, thermodynamic relations, ideal gas mixtures, combustion thermodynamics, gas power cycles, vapour power cycles, refrigeration cycles, reciprocating compressors, compressible flows and steam nozzles. Steam leaves the boiler and reaches the condenser after passing through the main valve, regulating valves, nozzles, clearance spaces between nozzles and moving blades, diaphragm and rotating shaft etc. Pfd symbols may change from company to company bs 5070, iso 10628 and isa s5.
Steam at 20 bar and 300 oc enters a convergentdivergent nozzle at the rate of 0. The turbine may work with full or partial steam admission. For 16 kgs of steam mass flow rate determine heat drop in nozzle and final state of steam leaving nozzle assuming heat loss to surroundings as 10 kjkg. The available energy of steam is first changed into kinetic energy, and this kinetic energy is then transformed into mechanical work. The steamhas a very high velocity at the end of the expansion, and the enthalpy decreases as expansion takes place. Numerical study on condensation process of steam flow in.
It does not cover the use of nozzles and venturi nozzles in pipe sizes less than 50 mm or more than 630 mm, or for pipe reynolds numbers below 0. Material brass kbs type spray angle model number inlet connection minimum orifice diameter mm model flow rate of saturated. If the nozzles are supplied with steam from the same control valve, you can apply the following equation. As long as the rules of pg33 are met, there is nothing wrong with using nozzlepro to evaluate the stresses in the shell and nozzle due to piping loads. The difficulties are eliminated by milling or otherwise machining the nozzles into a.
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